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← Basic training · Module 1 — How advertising on Google works

What you control and what the algorithm decides: the advertiser's levers

⏱️ 9 min read · 🔎 Search 💰 Bids and budgets 🥷 Scripts · updated on 2026-08-22

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You now know where ads appear, how the auction is decided, what quality is and what the metrics measure. The module closes with the practical question: what can I actually touch? Because Google Ads in 2026 is a machine with a great many automated decisions, and knowing which ones are yours (and which are no longer) avoids two symmetrical mistakes: fighting the algorithm, and handing your business over to it.

The advertiser's six levers

1. Who: targeting

You decide which searches you want to appear for (keywords in Search), which audiences (audiences, remarketing, interests in Display and video), where (countries, cities, radii) and when (times of day, days of the week). In automated campaigns this lever turns into signals: you no longer give orders, you make suggestions.

2. What you say: the ad

Headlines, descriptions, images, videos, assets (sitelinks, calls, prices). It is the most creative lever and the one that weighs most on expected CTR. Google half-automates it: you supply the pieces, it picks the combination for each search (responsive ads).

3. Where to: the landing page

The URL the click lands on. It sits outside Google Ads but firmly inside your responsibility, and it is a third of Quality Score. The most forgotten lever and, very often, the most profitable one.

4. How much per click: the bid

The most you pay per click or — almost always these days — the target you give Google (target CPA, target ROAS) so that it sets the bid in each auction. Automation has won here: manual bids are now the exception. What remains yours is choosing the right target and feeding it clean data to chase.

5. How much per day: the budget

The daily spending ceiling per campaign. It is the simplest lever and the one most often misused: cutting the budget of what works and watering what does not. In its own module we will see how to read lost IS (budget) before you move a single euro.

6. What counts as success: measurement

Which actions are conversions, how much each one is worth and how they reach Google. This is the lever that governs all the others: automated bidding optimises towards whatever you tell it a conversion is. If you count a click on "show phone number" as a conversion, you will get thousands of clicks on "show phone number".

The shifting border: who decides what

Decision Years ago Today
Which searches trigger the ad You (literal match types) You propose, Google expands by intent
Which copy is shown You (fixed ads) You supply pieces, Google combines them
How much to bid in each auction You (manual bidding) Google (Smart Bidding) towards YOUR target
Which network the ad runs on You (one campaign per network) In PMax, Google allocates
What counts as a conversion You You (and it is still the most important thing)
What to exclude (negatives, sites, IPs) You You — the part Google does NOT automate

Look at those last two rows. What Google has not automated is telling it what you do NOT want (exclusions) and what winning means (measurement). They are the two levers where a professional makes the difference in 2026 — and where most of the repetitive work sits.

💡 Ninja trick: that is where scripts live. Google automates what suits it (bidding, combining, allocating) and leaves the tedious part in your hands (reviewing search terms, excluding junk sites, watching budgets, checking that measurement has not broken). A Google Ads script is a program that runs inside your account and does that work every night with rules you set. The whole Ninja Scripts Suite is built on this idea: filling the gaps Google leaves open.

How to live with the algorithm

Three principles that avoid both mistakes (fighting it and abandoning it):

  1. Give it good data, not orders. Smart Bidding works exactly as well as the conversions you teach it. Fixing your measurement pays off more than fiddling with bids.
  2. Close the doors it does not close. Negatives, site and app exclusions, brand exclusions in PMax: the algorithm optimises inwards, you keep watch outwards.
  3. Change little and measure. Every change resets part of the learning. One well-measured adjustment a week is worth more than ten made blind.

What you should remember

That is the end of Module 1. In Module 2 we go down into the real account: how it is organised into campaigns, ad groups and ads, and what a manager account is.

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